Sardinia - Wikipedia. Sardinia (sar- DIN- ee- . It is located in the Western Mediterranean, just south of the French island of Corsica. The region's official name is Regione Autonoma della Sardegna / Regione Aut. It is divided into four provinces and a metropolitan city. Its indigenous language and the other minority languages (Sassarese, Corsican. Gallurese, Algherese. ![]() Catalan and Ligurian Tabarchino) spoken by the Sardinians enjoy . It makes its first appearance on the Nora Stone, where the word . ![]() ![]() ![]() In Classical antiquity, Sardinia was called Ichnusa (the Latinised form of Ancient Greek: . It is situated between 3. To the west of Sardinia is the Sea of Sardinia, a unit of the Mediterranean Sea; to Sardinia's east is the Tyrrhenian Sea, which is also an element of the Mediterranean Sea. The Tyrrhenian Sea portion of the Mediterranean Sea is directly to the east of Sardinia between the Sardinian east coast and the west coast of the Italian mainland peninsula. The Strait of Bonifacio is directly north of Sardinia and separates Sardinia from the French island of Corsica. The coasts of Sardinia (1,8. The island has an ancient geoformation and, unlike Sicily and mainland Italy, is not earthquake- prone. Its rocks date in fact from the Palaeozoic Era (up to 5. Due to long erosion processes, the island's highlands, formed of granite, schist, trachyte, basalt (called jaras or gollei), sandstone and dolomite limestone (called tonneri or . Ancient Olympics. The Ancient Olympic Games were an athletic and religious celebration held in the Greek town of Olympia from (historically) as early as 776 BC to 393 AD. A Diet for Chemotherapy - an anti-cancer diet and cancer nutrition information that will help the average person on Chemotherapy. Learn More. ![]()
The highest peak is Punta La Marmora (Perdas Carp. Other mountain chains are Monte Limbara (1,3. Chain of Marghine and Goceano (1,2. Monte Albo (1,0. 57 m (3,4. Sette Fratelli Range in the southeast, and the Sulcis Mountains and the Monte Linas (1,2. The island's ranges and plateaux are separated by wide alluvial valleys and flatlands, the main ones being the Campidano in the southwest between Oristano and Cagliari and the Nurra in the northwest. Sardinia has few major rivers, the largest being the Tirso, 1. Sea of Sardinia, the Coghinas (1. Flumendosa (1. 27 km). There are 5. 4 artificial lakes and dams that supply water and electricity. The main ones are Lake Omodeo and Lake Coghinas. The only natural freshwater lake is Lago di Baratz. A number of large, shallow, salt- water lagoons and pools are located along the 1,8. Climate. It can be classified in two different macrobioclimates (Mediterranean pluviseasonal oceanic and Temperate oceanic), one macrobioclimatic variant, called Submediterranean, and four classes of continentality (from weak semihyperoceanic to weak semicontinental), eight thermotypic horizons (from lower thermomediterranean to upper supratemperate) and seven ombrotypic horizons (from lower dry to lower hyperhumid), resulting in a combination of 4. The average temperature is between 1. However, in summer, the rare rainfalls can be characterized by short but severe thunderstorms, which can cause flash floods. The climate is also heavily influenced by the vicinity of the Gulf of Genoa (barometric low) and the relative proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. Low pressures in autumn can generate the formation of the so- called Medicanes, extratropical cyclones which affect the Mediterranean basin. In 2. 01. 3, the island was hit by several cyclones, included the Cyclone Cleopatra, which dumped almost 1. The western coast has a higher distribution of rainfalls even for modest elevations (for instance Iglesias, elevation 2. The driest part of the island is the coast of Cagliari gulf, with less than 4. Capo Carbonara at the extreme south- east of the island 3. The average for the entire island is about 8. It can blow quite strongly, but it is usually dry and cool. Climate data for Cagliari, altitude 4 m. Month. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year. Average high . The island was populated in various waves of immigration from prehistory until recent times. The first people to settle in Sardinia during the Upper Paleolithic and the Mesolithic came probably from the Iberian Peninsula and the Italian Peninsula; the Paleolithic colonization of the island is demonstrated by the evidences in Oliena's Corbeddu Cave. In the mid- Neolithic period, the Ozieri culture, probably of Aegean origin, flourished on the island spreading the hypogeum tombs known as domus de Janas, while the Arzachena culture of Gallura built the first megaliths: circular tombs. In the early 3rd millennium BC began to develop the metallurgy of copper and silver . During the late Chalcolithic, the so- called Beaker culture, coming from Continental Europe, appeared in Sardinia. These new people predominantly settled on the west coast, where the majority of the sites attributed to them had been found. Habitations consisted of round thatched stone huts. Nuragic civilization. These towers were often reinforced and enlarged with battlements. Tribal boundaries were guarded by smaller lookout Nuraghes erected on strategic hills commanding a view of other territories. Today, some 7,0. 00 Nuraghes dot the Sardinian landscape. While initially these Nuraghes had a relatively simple structure, with time they became extremely complex and monumental (see for example Nuraghe Santu Antine, Su Nuraxi, or Nuraghe Arrubiu). The scale, complexity and territorial spread of these buildings attest to the level of wealth accumulated by the Nuragic people, their advances in technology and the complexity of their society, which was able to coordinate large numbers of people with different roles for the purpose of building the monumental Nuraghes. The Nuraghes are not the only Nuragic buildings that survive, as there are several sacred wells around Sardinia and other buildings that had religious purposes such as the Giants' grave (monumental collective tombs) and collections of religious buildings that probably served as destinations for pilgrimage and mass religious rites (e. Su Romanzesu near Bitti). Sardinia was at the time at the centre of several commercial routes and it was an important provider of raw materials such as copper and lead, which were pivotal for the manufacture of the time. By controlling the extraction of these raw materials and by commercing them with other countries, the Nuragic civilisation was able to accumulate wealth and reach a level of sophistication that is not only reflected in the complexity of its surviving buildings, but also in its artworks (e. Evidence of trade with the other civilizations of the time is attested by several artefacts (e. The most common ports of call were Caralis, Nora, Bithia, Sulci, and Tharros. Claudian, a 4th- century Latin poet, in his poem De bello Gildonico, stated that Caralis was founded by people from Tyre, probably in the same time of the foundation of Carthage, in the 9th or 8th century BC. A first invasion attempt led by Malco was foiled by the victorious Nuraghic resistance. However, from 5. 10 BC, the southern and west- central part of the island was invaded a second time and came under Carthaginian rule. The two islands became the province of Corsica and Sardinia. They were not given a provincial governor until 2. BC. The Romans faced many rebellions, and it took them many years to pacify both islands. The existing coastal cities were enlarged and embellished, and Roman colonies such as Turris Lybissonis and Feronia were founded. These were populated by Roman immigrants. The Roman military occupation brought the Nuragic civilization to an end, except for the mountainous interior of the island, which the Romans called Barbaria, meaning “Barbarian land”. Roman rule in Sardinia lasted 6. Latin came to be the dominant spoken language during this period, though Roman culture was slower to take hold, and Roman rule was often contested by the inhabitants of Sardinia's mountainous central regions. Vandal conquest. Latin legend : REX CVDA. The east Germanic tribe of the Vandals conquered Sardinia in 4. Their rule lasted for 7. Roman troops led by Cyril, one of the officers of the foederati, retook the island. It is known that the Vandal government continued the forms of the existing Roman Imperial structure. The governor of Sardinia continued to be called the praeses and apparently continued to manage military, judicial, and civil governmental functions via imperial procedures. The only Vandal governor of Sardinia about whom there is substantial record is the last, Godas, a Visigoth noble. In AD 5. 30, a coup d'. Godas was sent to take charge and ensure the loyalty of Sardinia. He did the exact opposite, declaring the island's independence from Carthage and opening negotiations with Emperor Justinian I, who had declared war on Hilderic's behalf. In AD 5. 33 Gelimer sent the bulk of his army and navy (1. Sardinia to subdue Godas, with the catastrophic result that the Vandal Kingdom was overwhelmed when Justinian's own army under Belisarius arrived at Carthage in their absence. The Vandal Kingdom ended and Sardinia was returned to Roman rule. Sardinia remained in Byzantine hands for the next 3. During this time, Christianity took deeper root on the island, supplanting the Paganism which had survived into the early Middle Ages in the culturally conservative hinterlands. Along with lay Christianity, the followers of monastic figures such as Basil of Caesarea became established in Sardinia. While Christianity penetrated the majority of the population, the region of Barbagia remained largely pagan and, probably, partially non- Latin speaking. Direct central control was maintained at least through c. Gregory the Patrician, Exarch of Africa and the first invasion of the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. There is some evidence that senior Byzantine administration in the Exarchate of Africa retreated to Caralis following the final fall of Carthage to the Arabs in 6. A letter by Pope Nicholas I as early as 8. By the time of De Administrando Imperio, completed in 9. Byzantine authorities no longer listed Sardinia as an imperial province, suggesting they considered it lost. We know only two names of those rulers, Salusios (.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
November 2017
Categories |